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Store data in a secondary disk
If you want to use a different disk to store data (blockchain and other databases) independently of the disk of the system, you can follow these instructions.
Difficulty: Easy
When you arrive at the "Guided storage configuration" (step 8) on the Ubuntu server installation, follow the next steps:
8.2. Pay attention to checking "Custom storage layout" instead of Use an entire disk, select "Done" and press enter
📝 Under AVAILABLE DEVICES you will see both drives you installed on the PC, identify each one by drive model name and storage
It is recommended to choose the smallest size drive for the system and the bigger size drive for the data storage
(/data) (blockchain, databases, etc)8.2.1. Select the section where appeared the MODEL of the primary disk between"[]"and press enter -> Select "Use As Boot Device" and press enter again
This will select this storage as the boot disk and create automatically a new partition for the "BIOS grub spacer" on it.
8.2.2. Select the "free space" section of the same device, and select "Add GPT Partition". Ensure the format is selected as"ext4", select"/"in the dropdown as mount point, select "Create" and press enter
8.2.3. Now select the "free space" of the secondary disk on "AVAILABLE DEVICES" -> Add GPT partition. Ensure the format is selected as"ext4", select "Other" in the dropdown, type/datato assign to the new ("/data") folder, select "Create" and press enter
9. Select "Done" and press enter. Confirm destructive action warning banner hitting "Continue"
This will delete all existing data on the disks, including existing partitions!
The GIF above is a recreation of a scenario made with a virtual machine --> VBOX_HARDDISK_VB4... would be the primary disk, and --> VBOX_HARDDISK_VB5... would be the secondary disk. In your case, this probably will not match exactly
That's it: when you finish the Operating system section, your PC will boot the system from the primary disk while the data directory
(/data) will be located on the secondary disk.Attach the secondary disk to the MiniBolt node
- List all block devices with additional information
$ lsblk -o NAME,MOUNTPOINT,UUID,FSTYPE,SIZE,LABEL,MODEL
Example of expected output without existing partitions:
> NAME MOUNTPOINT UUID FSTYPE SIZE LABEL MODEL
> sdb 931.5G Samsung SSD 870
Example expected output with existing partitions:
> NAME MOUNTPOINT UUID FSTYPE SIZE LABEL MODEL
> sdb 931.5G Samsung SSD 870
> sdb1 2219-782E ext4 931.5G
Here we will see if the new disk has been detected by the system and what unit name has been assigned to it. Normally
sda is the name assigned for the primary disk and sdb for the secondary disk, but your case could be different, pay attention to the "MODEL" column to identify each one, e.g: Samsung SSD 870"- Type this command to use the
"fdisk"utility and manage the secondary disk
$ sudo fdisk /dev/sdb
- Now we select the option wished pressing the option letter and enter
- Press
"n"to create a new partition and then enter. Pressenteruntil the prompt show (Command (m for help)) again
Case 1: if you had existing partition/s, the prompt will show you "All space for primary partitions is in use", you will need to typedand press enter until the prompt shows you "Partition X has been deleted", if not, press enter until the prompt shows you "Created a new partition X of type 'Linux filesystem'" and...
Case 2: if you had existing partition/s, the prompt will show you "Partition #1 contains an ext4 signature" "Do you want to remove the signature? [Y]es/[N]o", typeYand press enter until the prompt shows you "The signature will be removed by a write command", if not, press enter until the prompt shows you "Created a new partition X of type 'Linux filesystem'" and...
- Finally, don't forget, to type
wto automatically write on disk and exit
This will create a new partition called probably
"sdb1"- Finally, format the new partition to
"Ext4"and obtain the UUID
$ sudo mkfs.ext4 /dev/[NAME_P]
Example of expected output:
mke2fs 1.46.5 (30-Dec-2021)
Creating filesystem with 1572608 4k blocks and 393216 inodes
***Filesystem UUID:*** **dafc3c67-c6e5-4eaa-8840-adaf604c85db**
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736
Take note of your UUID e.g dafc3c67-c6e5-4eaa-8840-adaf604c85db and the partition name of your secondary disk (normally "sdb1")
The secondary disk is then attached to the file system and becomes available as a regular folder (this is called “mounting”).
- List the block devices once more and copy the new partitions
UUIDinto a text editor on your main machine
$ lsblk -o NAME,MOUNTPOINT,UUID,FSTYPE,SIZE,LABEL,MODEL
Example of expected output:
> NAME MOUNTPOINT UUID FSTYPE SIZE LABEL MODEL
> sdb 931.5G Samsung SSD 870
> └─sdb1 3aab0952-3ed4-4652-b203-d994c4fdff20 ext4 931.5G
- Edit the
"fstab"file and add the following as a new line at the end, replacing<yourUUID>with your ownUUID
$ sudo nano /etc/fstab
UUID=<yourUUID> /data ext4 defaults 0 2
- Create the data directory as a mount point
$ sudo mkdir /data
- Assign as the owner to the
adminuser
$ sudo chown admin:admin /data
- Mount all disks and check the file system
$ sudo mount -a
- Is “/data” listed?
$ df -h /data
Example expected output:
> Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
> /dev/sdb1 938G 77M 891G 1% /data
- Check measure the speed of your secondary drive with
$ sudo hdparm -t --direct /dev/sdb
If the measured speeds are more than 100 MB/s, you're good
Last modified 3d ago